355 lines
12 KiB
TeX
355 lines
12 KiB
TeX
% !TeX root = ../main.tex
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% 本LaTeX模板的使用示例
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\chapter{模板使用说明}
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\section{算法、表格和插图}
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根据北航学位论文撰写规范要求,本模板重写了部分图表浮动体环境,但使用方法与官方宏包一致,使用者可查看各宏包的官方文档获取详细使用说明。
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需要注意的是图表浮动体与正文之间的距离是弹性的,撰写论文时可以根据内容进行调整。
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\subsection{算法环境}
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本模板使用 \texttt{algorithm2e} 宏包实现算法环境。下面是四种算法环境示例。
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\begin{algorithm}[htp]
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%\SetAlgoLined
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%\SetAlgoVlined
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\caption{A How to (plain).}
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\KwData{this text}
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\KwResult{how to write algorithm with \LaTeX2e{} }
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initialization\;
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\While{not at end of this document}{
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read current\;
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\eIf{understand}{
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go to next section\;
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current section becomes this one\;
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}{
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go back to the beginning of current section\;
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}
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}
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\end{algorithm}
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\RestyleAlgo{ruled}
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\begin{algorithm}[htp]
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\caption{A How to (ruled).}
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\KwData{this text}
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\KwResult{how to write algorithm with \LaTeX2e{} }
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initialization\;
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\While{not at end of this document}{
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read current\;
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\eIf{understand}{
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go to next section\;
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current section becomes this one\;
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}{
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go back to the beginning of current section\;
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}
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}
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\end{algorithm}
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\RestyleAlgo{boxed}
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\begin{algorithm}[htp]
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\caption{A How to (boxed).}
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\KwData{this text}
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\KwResult{how to write algorithm with \LaTeX2e{} }
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initialization\;
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\While{not at end of this document}{
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read current\;
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\eIf{understand}{
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go to next section\;
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current section becomes this one\;
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}{
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go back to the beginning of current section\;
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}
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}
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\end{algorithm}
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\RestyleAlgo{boxruled}
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\begin{algorithm}[htp]
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\caption{A How to (boxruled).}
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\KwData{this text}
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\KwResult{how to write algorithm with \LaTeX2e{} }
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initialization\;
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\While{not at end of this document}{
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read current\;
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\eIf{understand}{
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go to next section\;
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current section becomes this one\;
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}{
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go back to the beginning of current section\;
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}
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}
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\end{algorithm}
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\vspace{5em}
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\subsection{三线表}
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学位论文中的表格推荐使用三线表形式,如表~\ref{tab:exampletable}。
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\begin{table}[!h]
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\centering
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\caption{表的标题}
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\label{tab:exampletable}
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\begin{tabular}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{4cm}>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{4cm}}
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\toprule
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操作系统 & TeX 发行版 \\
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\midrule
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所有 & TeX Live \\
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macOS & MacTeX \\
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Windows & MikTeX \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\end{table}
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当表题较长时,本模板会自适应换行处理,如表~\ref{tab:example_long_table}。
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\begin{table}[!h]
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\centering
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\caption{长表题示例\upcite{zhudaoqian}:考虑到实验中使用到的面内磁场的大小,以及得到的磁矩稳定翻转条件,在计算中使$\alpha$固定,其余参数则与实验中相同}
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\label{tab:example_long_table}
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\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c}
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\toprule
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\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{材料体系}} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textbf{参数}} \\
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& $t_F$ & $\mu_0H_{K,eff}$ & $M_s(A\cdot m^(-1))$ & $|\Theta_SH|$ & $\iota$ & $\mu_0H_x$ \\ \midrule
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W/CoFeB & 1 nm & 0.29T & $9\times 10^5$ & 0.32 & 0.31 & 24mT \\
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Ta/CoFeB & 1.2 nm & 0.25T & $1\times 10^6$ & 0.03 & 2 & 20mT \\ \bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\end{table}
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\vspace{-1pt}
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\subsection{长表格}
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超过一页的表格要使用专门的 \texttt{longtable} 环境(表~\ref{tab:longtable})。\\
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\begin{longtable}[h]{ccc}
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% 首页表头
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\caption[长表格演示]{长表格演示}
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\label{tab:longtable}\\
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\toprule
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名称 & 说明 & 备注\\
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\midrule
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\endfirsthead
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% 续页表头
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\caption[]{长表格演示(续)} \\
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\toprule
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名称 & 说明 & 备注 \\
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\midrule
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\endhead
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% 首页表尾
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\hline
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\multicolumn{3}{r}{\small 续下页}
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\endfoot
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% 续页表尾
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\bottomrule
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\endlastfoot
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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AAAAAAAAAAAA & BBBBBBBBBBB & CCCCCCCCCCCCCC \\
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\end{longtable}
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\subsection{插图}
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本模板支持插入pdf、eps、jpg和png等格式的图片。
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\begin{figure}[!h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{pic/logo-buaa}
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\caption{测试图片\\第二行题注}
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\label{fig:logo}
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\end{figure}
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模板使用了subcaption子图宏包,使用者也可自行替换惯用的宏包,一个简单的子图环境如图所示。
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\begin{figure}[!h]
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\centering
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\subcaptionbox{子图1}{\includegraphics[width = 0.45\linewidth]{pic/logo-buaa.eps}\vspace{50pt}}
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\hfill
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\subcaptionbox{子图2}{\includegraphics[width = 0.3\linewidth]{pic/buaa-mark.jpg}}
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\caption{测试图片}
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\end{figure}
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\section{数学环境}
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\subsection{数学符号}
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模板定义了一些正体(upright)的数学符号:
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{4cm}>{\centering \arraybackslash}p{4cm}}
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\toprule
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符号 & 命令 \\
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\midrule
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常数$\eu$ & \verb|\eu| \\
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复数单位$\iu$ & \verb|\iu| \\
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微分符号$\diff$ & \verb|\diff| \\
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$\argmax$ & \verb|\argmax| \\
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$\argmin$ & \verb|\argmin| \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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更多的例子:
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\begin{equation}
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\eu^{\iu\pi} + 1 = 0
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\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
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\frac{\diff^2u}{\diff t^2} = \int f(x) \diff x
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\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
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\argmin_x f(x)
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\end{equation}
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\subsection{定理、引理和证明}
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模板中使用amsmath和amsthm宏包配置了定理、引理和证明等环境。举例如下。
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\begin{definition}
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如果函数$f$的积分是可测的且非负的,我们通过以下方式定义其(扩展)\textbf{Lebesgue积分}:
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\begin{equation}
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\int f = \sup_g \int g,
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\end{equation}
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其中,上确界是在所有满足 $0 \leq g \leq f$ 的可测函数 $g$ 上取得的,且 $g$ 是有界的,并且其支撑集具有有限测度。
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\end{definition}
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\begin{example}
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$\mathbf{R}^d$ 上的可积(或不可积)函数的简单示例如下:
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\begin{equation}
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f_a(x) =
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\begin{cases}
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|x|^{-a} & \text{if } |x| \leq 1,\\
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0 & \text{if } x > 1.
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\end{cases}
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\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
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F_a(x) = \frac{1}{1 + |x|^a}, \qquad \text{对所有~} x \in \mathbf{R}^d.
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\end{equation}
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那么 $f_a$ 在 $a < d$ 时恰好是可积的,而 $F_a$ 在 $a > d$ 时恰好是可积的。
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\end{example}
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\begin{lemma}[Fatou]
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假设 $\{f_n\}$ 是一列满足 $f_n \geq 0$ 的可测函数。如果对几乎处处的 $x$ 都有 $\lim_{n \to \infty} f_n(x) = f(x)$,那么
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\begin{equation}
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\int f \leq \liminf_{n \to \infty} \int f_n.
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\end{equation}
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\end{lemma}
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\begin{remark}
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我们不排除 $\int f = \infty$ 或 $\liminf_{n \to \infty} f_n = \infty$ 的情况。
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\end{remark}
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\begin{corollary}
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假设 $f$ 是一个非负可测函数,$\{f_n\}$ 是一列非负可测函数,满足对几乎处处的 $x$ 有 $f_n(x) \leq f(x)$ 且 $f_n(x) \to f(x)$。那么
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\begin{equation}
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\lim_{n \to \infty} \int f_n = \int f.
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\end{equation}
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\end{corollary}
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\begin{proposition}
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假设 $f$ 在 $\mathbf{R}^d$ 上可积。那么对于每一个 $\epsilon > 0$:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\roman{enumi}}
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\item 存在一个有限测度的集合 $B$(例如一个球),使得
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\begin{equation}
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\int_{B^c} |f| < \epsilon.
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\end{equation}
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\item 存在一个 $\delta > 0$,使得
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\begin{equation}
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\int_E |f| < \epsilon \qquad \text{每当~} m(E) < \delta.
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\end{equation}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{proposition}
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\begin{theorem}
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假设 $\{f_n\}$ 是一列可测函数,满足当 $n$ 趋向无穷时,$f_n(x)$ 几乎处处收敛于 $f(x)$。如果 $|f_n(x)| \leq g(x)$,其中 $g$ 是可积函数,那么
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\begin{equation}
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\int |f_n - f| \to 0 \qquad \text{当~} n \to \infty,
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\end{equation}
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因此
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\begin{equation}
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\int f_n \to \int f \qquad \text{当~} n \to \infty.
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\end{equation}
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\end{theorem}
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\begin{proof}
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略。
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\end{proof}
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\subsection{自定义}
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\newtheorem*{axiomofchoice}{选择公理}
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\begin{axiomofchoice}
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假设 $E$ 是一个集合,${E_\alpha}$ 是 $E$ 的一组非空子集。那么存在一个函数 $\alpha \mapsto x_\alpha$(一个“选择函数”),使得
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\begin{equation}
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x_\alpha \in E_\alpha,\qquad \text{对所有 }\alpha.
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\end{equation}
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\end{axiomofchoice}
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\newtheorem{observation}{定理}[chapter]
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\begin{observation}
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假设一个偏序集 $P$ 具有这样的性质,即每个链在 $P$ 中都有一个上界。那么集合 $P$ 至少包含一个最大元素。
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\end{observation}
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\begin{proof}[证明]
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略。
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\end{proof}
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\newtheorem{observationvar2}[observation]{定理2}
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\begin{observationvar2}
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假设一个偏序集 $P$ 满足每个链在 $P$ 中都有一个上界。那么集合 $P$ 至少包含一个最大元素。
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\end{observationvar2}
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\begin{proof}[证明]
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略。
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\end{proof}
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\clearpage
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